Abstract

Background: Formaldehyde (FA) is a chemical precursor that has toxic effects on several systems, including the reproductive system. Rosa damascena L. (RD) is an ancient herbal drug with various antioxidant substances. In the present study, the effects of RD on mouse ovaries against FA toxicity were investigated. Methods: In this study, 48 adult female NMRI mice were included and divided randomly into six groups (n = 8): control, 10 FA group received a single dose of FA (10 mg/kg which was diluted in normal saline) intraperitoneally (i.p), FA + RD10, FA + RD20, and FA + RD40 that received RD extract 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/d orally, respectively, following FA injection, and RD40 that only received RD extract 40 mg/kg/d orally, without FA administration. Results: After 40 days of treatment, estrogen and progesterone levels decreased in serum in the FA group relative to the normal group (P < 0.001). Also, the ovary weight, volume and diameter (WVD), and number of different ovarian follicles were significantly reduced in the FA-treated group (P < 0.05). Treatment of female mice with doses of 10, 20, and 40 RD improved the harmful effects of FA. Conclusion: Based on the available evidence in this study, different doses of RD especially its low dose (10 mg/kg) can protect the ovaries against FA toxicity. © 2025 The Author(s); Published by Kerman University of Medical Sciences.