Abstract

Background The study of microRNA expression can be effective in the diagnosing and treating different diseases. miR-135a is one of the most important micro-ribonucleic acids involved in endometriosis. Among the genes that become the target of the miR-135a and are subjected to changes in the endometrium of patients with endometriosis is gene which is expressed in the endometrium in response to steroid hormones. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of miR-135a and its relationship with the level of gene expression in both endometrial ectopic and eutopic tissues in patients with endometriosis compared to the control samples. Materials and Methods In this prospective case-control study, both case-eutopic and case-ectopic tissue samples were obtained from 17 women with endometriosis and the eutopic endometrial tissue was sampled from 17 women with normal endometrium as the control group. The gene's expression of miR-135a and were investigated using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (q-RT PCR). Results A significant decrease in the expression of gene was detected in case-eutopic during the luteal phase compared to the control samples (p=0.001), while in the case-ectopic, the expression of this gene was increased (p=0.681) compared to the control samples. In addition, the expression miR-135a in the luteal phase showed a remarkable increase in the case-eutopic endometrial tissue (p=0.026) as well as a significant decrease in the case-ectopic endometrial tissue compared to the control samples (p=0.008). Conclusion Considering the inverse relations between the over-expression of miR-135a and the reduction of , it seems that miR-135a may be applied as an endometrial diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker.