(2024) The role of natural products as PCSK9 modulators: A review. Phytotherapy Research. pp. 4081-4098. ISSN 0951418X (ISSN)
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Abstract
A variety of mechanisms and drugs have been shown to attenuate cardiovascular disease (CVD) onset and/or progression. Recent researchers have identified a potential role of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in modulating lipid metabolism and reducing plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. PCSK9 is the central protein in the metabolism of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) owing to its major function in LDL receptor (LDLR) degradation. Due to the close correlation of cardiovascular disease with lipid levels, many in vivo and in vitro investigations are currently underway studying the physiological role of PCSK9. Furthermore, many studies are actively investigating the mechanisms of various compounds that influence lipid associated-disorders and their associated cardiovascular diseases. PCSK9 inhibitors have been shown to have significant impact in the prevention of emerging cardiovascular diseases. Natural products can effectively be used as PCSK9 inhibitors to control lipid levels through various mechanisms. In this review, we evaluate the role of phytochemicals and natural products in the regulation of PCSK9, and their ability to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, we describe their mechanisms of action, which have not to date been delineated. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Keywords: | atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease LDL natural products PCSK9 adiponectin alirocumab alkaloid apolipoprotein B berberine beroline bezafibrate bile acid sequestrant chitosan cholesterol cholestin citrinin colesevelam compactin creatine kinase curcumin ezetimibe flavonoid gamma oryzanol gemfibrozil high density lipoprotein high density lipoprotein cholesterol honokiol hydroxytyrosol kaempferol leptin leptin receptor low density lipoprotein cholesterol low density lipoprotein receptor mevinolin mitogen activated protein kinase 1 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 mycotoxin natural product palmitic acid phytochemical piceid pioglitazone polyphenol pravastatin proprotein convertase 9 protein p53 quercetin resveratrol silymarin simvastatin sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 terpenoid triacylglycerol tumor necrosis factor tyrosol very low density lipoprotein cholesterol xanthohumol AMPK signaling angiogenesis antidiabetic activity antiinflammatory activity arthralgia Berberis vulgaris Bifidobacterium Bifidobacterium longum bronchodilatation Cannabis sativa cardiovascular risk cell survival cholesterol metabolism Coptis chinensis cytotoxicity Epstein Barr virus familial hypercholesterolemia fever glucose blood level Hep-G2 cell line human hypercholesterolemia hyperlipidemia hypocholesterolemia inflammation insulin resistance intestine flora lipid metabolism lipid oxidation lipid storage medicinal plant metabolic syndrome X molecular docking muscle weakness neuroprotection non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus nonalcoholic fatty liver nonhuman oxidative stress peripheral arterial disease phytochemistry Review Sparassis Sparassis crispa stomach ulcer Trichosanthes urinary tract infection Welsh onion |
| Page Range: | pp. 4081-4098 |
| Journal or Publication Title: | Phytotherapy Research |
| Journal Index: | Scopus |
| Volume: | 38 |
| Number: | 8 |
| Identification Number: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8260 |
| ISSN: | 0951418X (ISSN) |
| Depositing User: | ms soheila Bazm |
| URI: | http://eprints.ssu.ac.ir/id/eprint/34164 |
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