Abstract

Given the increasing drug resistance exhibited by viruses, fungi, and bacteria, there is an urgent demand for the creation and utilization of novel structures that possess exceptional efficacy. MXenes have demonstrated potent bactericidal activity, effectively suppressing the growth of gram- negative and gram- positive bacterial strains. Their mode of antimicrobial action primarily involves disrupting the bacterial cell membrane. Additionally, MXenes exhibit antifungal properties, holding promise for applications in combating fungal infections. Emerging studies suggest that certain MXenes can also possess antiviral properties, impacting both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Researchers are exploring their use in wound healing, where they can prevent infections and accelerate the healing process. Furthermore, MXenes can be integrated into coatings, composites, and surfaces, finding applications in medical devices, textiles, and food packaging for antimicrobial purposes. The potential for MXenes to be employed in photothermal and photodynamic therapy adds another layer to their multifaceted antimicrobial capabilities. When activated by light, MXenes can target and eliminate cancer cells or pathogens. Research in this domain is progressing, with the prospect of novel materials and strategies to combat bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. This article discussed recent progress in the field of antibacterial, anti-fungal, and antiviral properties of MXenes and MXene-derived materials. Furthermore, their biocompatibility and toxicity issues, as well as the challenges and future opportunities of MXenes in the field of antimicrobial applications, are discussed. Overall, MXenes hold considerable promise for addressing the pressing global concern of antimicrobial resistance and opening new avenues for advanced medical technologies. © 2024