Abstract

BACKGROUND: Mandibular premolars are of the most difficult teeth to treat endodontically. AIMS: To compare the root canal morphology of mandibular premolars between two genders in an Iranian population. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Totally, 230 cone-beam computed tomography images of the mandibles belonged to 115 males and 115 females were evaluated in the three spatial planes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The total number of roots and canals in the mandibular premolars was counted, and the difference between males and females were analyzed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were analyzed using Chi-square test. The significance level was set as P < 0.05. RESULTS: The majority of mandibular first and second premolars had one root (85.7 and 94.8, respectively) and one canal (63.9 and 78.3, respectively). The number of roots in the mandibular first premolars had statistically significant difference between two genders (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference between two genders in the number of roots (P = 0.208) and canals (P = 0.498) in the mandibular second premolars. CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, the root canal morphology in the mandibular first premolars had statistically significant difference between two genders.