Abstract

BACKGROUND: Teratoasthenozoospermia (TA) is a severe form of male infertility with no clear etiology. OBJECTIVE: To compare the level of intracellular anion superoxide (O(2)-), heat shock protein A2 (HSPA2) and protamine deficiencies in ejaculated spermatozoa between teratoasthenozoospermic and normozoospermic men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this case- control study, semen samples of 20 infertile men, with TA (with normal morphology lower than 4 and total motility lower than 40 ) as the case group and 20 normozoospermic fertile men as the control group were evaluated for intracellular O(2)(-) and HSPA2 by flow cytometry and protamine deficiency by Chromomycin A3 (CMA3) test. RESULTS: The rate of CMA3+ spermatozoa in the case group was higher than controls (p=0.001). The percentages of HSPA2+ spermatozoa in the cases were significantly lower than controls (p=0.001). Also, intracellular O(2)(-) levels in the case group were significantly higher than controls (p=0.001) and had positive correlations with sperm apoptosis (r=0.79, p=0.01) and CMA3 positive sperm (r=0.76, p=0.01), but negative correlations with normal morphology (r=-0.81, p=0.01) and motility (r=-0.81, p=0.01). There was no significant correlation between intracellular O(2)(-) and HSPA2 in the case group (r=0.041, p=0.79). CONCLUSION: We suggest that the increase in intracellular O(2)(-), decrease in spermatozoa HSPA2(+), and high percentages of spermatozoa with immature chromatin might be considered as etiologies of infertility in TA patients.