Abstract

Green synthesis of nanoparticles, especially magnetic nanoparticles, is considered a research interest in nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology. This procedure leads to the improvement of the chemical and biological properties of nanoparticles in comparison with chemical synthesis. In this study, functionalized magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (FMNPs) were synthesized using aqueous pine leaves extract in the concentration range of 0.5–10.0% and characterized by FTIR, XRD, and TEM, thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. Antimicrobial, anticancer, and p53 gene expression of prepared FMNPs was evaluated. FTIR spectra proved the creation of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. XRD also confirmed the magnetic iron oxide structural phase. The size distribution histogram indicated that the mean particle size is 22 nm. The toxicity of the synthesized FMNPs on cancerous and normal cell lines increases along with the rise in the percentage of pine leaf extract. The best anticancer activity was observed with the leaf extract up to 2.0%. However, the synthesized FMNPs with 6.0% of pine leaf extract showed the highest antibacterial activity. FMNPs with 2.0% pine leaf extract also have the most significant effect on the expression of the P53 gene in cancerous and normal cells. Based on the results, synthesized FMNPs with 2.0% pine leaf extract have potent biochemical properties.